Olmec Were-Jaguar Mask – A Masterpiece of Pre-Columbian Art
Intricate Details and Artistic Narrative of this
Olmec Stone Mask
Experience the unparalleled craftsmanship of this Olmec were-jaguar transformation mask, a remarkable piece of pre-Columbian art dating back to 900-600 BCE. This extraordinary artifact from ancient Mesoamerica (present-day Mexico and Guatemala) exemplifies the Olmec civilization’s artistry and cultural significance. The mask is carved from dark green omphacite jade, one of the most precious materials in the pre-Columbian world. It captures the fierce and mystical essence of the jaguar, featuring a square jaw, almond-shaped feline eyes, and a trapezoidal mouth with a flared upper lip for a lifelike expression.
This Olmec jade mask stands out due to its dramatic portrayal, lacking the typical headband seen in other examples. The detailed carving brings the mask to life, with bean-shaped eyes, drilled pupils, and pronounced nasolabial folds that accentuate the curved fangs of the were-jaguar. A particularly striking feature is the bifurcated and bifid tongue, deeply symbolic of transformation and the liminal space between human and jaguar. This rare detail underscores the supernatural essence of the mask, reinforcing its connection to shamanic rituals and spiritual power. The mask measures 4.1” wide by 5.3” high, with added features such as elongated ear flaps and a striation running across the top of the head, indicating the high level of craftsmanship involved.
This mask carries deep symbolism as a piece of pre-Columbian artifact. The green jade represents growth, renewal, and life cycles, while the jaguar imagery embodies power, dominance, and a connection to the spiritual world. For the Olmec, the jaguar was a revered figure, often associated with warriors, rulers, shamans, and hunters. Thus, this mask is not only a ceremonial item but also a symbol of societal status and ritual significance.
In the ancient Americas, materials like jade were valued above even gold, reflecting the cultural priorities of the Olmec, Maya, and other Mesoamerican civilizations. This exceptional mask is a testament to the skilled artisans who crafted luxurious goods for ceremonial use, reflecting pre-Columbian art’s deep cultural and spiritual values.
Mounted on a custom display stand, this Olmec were-jaguar mask reaches 7.3” (18.5 cm) in overall height, making it a striking centerpiece for any collection of ancient art.
Condition: Polished face with a partly smooth back. No fractures. Completely intact in choice condition.
Provenance: L. Smyth, Florida. Acquired 1970s – 80s.
Accompanied by a hardbound CIRAM Scientific Analysts report attesting to its authenticity and Ruffner Art Advisory Fair Market Value report. Copies are available upon request.
Reference:
A similar example can be found in Dumbarton Oaks in Washington DC under accession number PC.B.020. Additionally, another example depicting a slightly earlier period in the transformational process can be found at The Metropolitan Museum of Art under accession number 1977.187.33
Sotheby’s New York sold another similar Olmec jade mask for $481,000 during their “African, Oceanic, And Pre-Columbian Art” auction on May 16th, 2008 (sale number N08444, lot 14).
Appears in the advert section in the July/August 2020 issue of the Apollo – International Art Magazine and Dec/Jan 2020 issue of the Native American Art Magazine. Native American Art Magazine
You may also preview this Olmec Mask via YouTube by clicking here: Olmec Were-Jaguar Mask
Asking Price $178,000
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Regional Division of Pre-Columbian Americas’ Major Archaeological Cultural Phases